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Automatic Ride Control (ARC)
Four-wheel drive Limited includes the Automatic Ride Control (ARC) system. Automatic Ride Control is a computer-controlled suspension system that uses unique suspension components and two stage (firm and soft) shock absorbers to provide a smooth ride for normal driving conditions without sacrificing handling performance. An air spring integral with each shock absorber provides automatic load leveling and allows vehicle height to be adjusted over a span of 50mm (2 inches).
A smooth ride is achieved through the selection of lower rate front torsion bars and rear leaf springs, ARC-specific front and rear anti-roll bars, and soft shock damping. Handling performance is maintained by reading driver and road inputs that, under certain conditions, switch the damping rate of the shock absorbers to firm, minimizing body movement. Driver inputs include braking, throttle position, steering rate and position, and transfer case mode selection. Road inputs are sensed by two suspension-mounted height sensors and vehicle speed.
The ARC system adjusts vehicle height on the front and rear axles separately through the use of five solenoid valves, an air compressor, and air lines. Vehicle height (trim level) is set based on the status of the door ajar signal and the transfer case mode selected (two-wheel drive, automatic four-wheel drive, or four-wheel drive low). The trim level is maintained even with the addition and removal of cargo.
In two-wheel drive, an empty vehicle is fully supported by the front torsion bars and rear leaf springs. This height is referred to as the "base" height. Compressed air is applied to the air springs only when a load is added to the vehicle or a transfer case mode of automatic four-wheel drive or four-wheel drive low is selected.
In automatic four-wheel drive, the vehicle is raised about 25mm (1 inch) to increase body clearance and provide a more controlled ride. The vehicle is returned to the base height to achieve a smooth ride at highway speeds.
Off-road capability is increased by stiffening the suspension and raising the vehicle about 50mm (2 inches) above the base height when in four-wheel drive low, improving clearance between the ground and the body. In four-wheel drive low, compressed air is added to both the front and rear air springs increasing the spring rate of the front and rear by approximately 60% over the spring rate of the suspension when in two-wheel drive. Damping is set to firm in four-wheel drive low to minimize relative movement between the wheel and body.
The system uses two height sensors, a steering sensor, transfer case inputs, and other vehicle sensors to measure driver and road inputs. The system changes shock damping on the front and rear axle separately depending on these inputs through the use of special, dual-rate damping shocks. The system changes vehicle height on the front and rear axle separately through the use of an air compressor, five air solenoids, various air lines, and the use of an air spring integrated inside each shock.
What follows is a brief description of system operation showing the air and damping system actions.
Vehicle Ride Height Adjustment
The ARC system lifts the vehicle when the transfer case is shifted into Automatic Four-Wheel Drive (by rotating the transfer case switch) or four-wheel drive low (rotate the selector switch to the 4 low position, place the transmission in neutral, and tap the brake pedal to engage or disengage 4 low).
The effect of the transfer case inputs and vehicle speed on vehicle height are summarized in the following table:
ł Transfer Case Mode ł Speed or Speed Range(*) ł Resulting Vehicle Height ł
ł Two-Wheel Drive ł All Speeds ł Base ł
ł Automatic Four-Wheel Drive ł < 93 km/h (58 mph) ł Curb (Base + 25mm [1 inch]) ł
ł Automatic Four-Wheel Drive ł > 93 km/h (58 mph) ł Base ł
ł 4x4 Low ł < 48 km/h (30 mph) ł Off-Road (Base + 50mm [2 inches]) ł
ł 4x4 Low ł > 48 km/h (30 mph) ł Curb (Base + 25mm [1 inch]) ł
(*) - Note: The speed range or condition must be true for one minute to avoid multiple height changes while
vehicle speed passes through the indicated ranges. If the vehicle is accelerating, it must be traveling
greater than the higher speed for greater than one minute to lower the vehicle. If the vehicle is
decelerating, then it must be traveling less than the lower speed for greater than one minute to raise
the vehicle back to its original height.
The ARC system also holds vehicle height when any door or the rear hatch is opened. The system stores front and rear vehicle height the moment an open door is detected. The system then maintains this height regardless of the addition or removal of load. The system will return to its commanded height when all the doors close or if the speed of the vehicle exceeds 16 km (10 mph).
Dynamic Shock Damping
The shocks are soft under all but the following circumstances:
ł Input ł Front Damper Position ł Rear Damper Position ł
ł Exceed vertical velocity threshold ł Firm for short time ł Firm for short time ł
ł on front suspension ł ł ł
ł Exceed vertical velocity threshold ł Soft ł Firm for short time ł
ł on rear suspension ł ł ł
ł High engine load ł Firm while condition true ł Firm while condition true ł
ł > 80% throttle ł Firm while condition true ł Firm while condition true ł
ł Any braking action > 48 km/h (30 ł Firm for short time ł Firm for short time ł
ł mph) ł ł ł
ł Braking action with vehicle ł Firm for short time ł Firm for short time ł
ł deceleration ł ł ł
ł < 48 km/h (30 mph) ł ł ł
ł High lateral acceleration ł Firm while condition true ł Firm while condition true ł
ł High longitudinal acceleration and ł Firm while condition true ł Firm while condition true ł
ł deceleration ł ł ł
ł High steering rate ł Firm while condition true ł Firm while condition true ł
A combination of transfer case mode and vehicle speed are also used to control the position of the dampers as shown below:
ł Transfer Case Mode ł Vehicle Speed(*) ł Damper Position ł
ł Two-Wheel Drive ł < 8km/h (5 mph) ł Firm ł
ł Two-Wheel Drive ł 8 km/h (5 mph) < Speed < ł Auto ł
ł ł 136 km/h (85 mph) ł ł
ł Two-Wheel Drive ł > 136 km/h (85 mph) ł Firm ł
ł Automatic Four-Wheel Drive ł < 8 km/h (5 mph) ł Firm ł
ł Automatic Four-Wheel Drive ł 8 km/h (5 mph) < Speed < ł Auto ł
ł ł 136 km/h (85 mph) ł ł
ł Automatic Four-Wheel Drive ł > 136 km/h (85 mph) ł Firm ł
ł 4x4 Low ł All Speeds ł Firm ł
(*) - Note: Condition must be true for several seconds to avoid multiple damper position changes while vehicle
speed passes through the indicated ranges.